The 9 Best Multivitamins for Men Over 50 in 2024, According to Experts

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Even with the best intentions, eating a well-balanced diet packed with whole foods doesn’t always happen, leaving you with nutrient deficiencies. For men, it’s even more important to stay on top of healthy habits as you age to keep up your overall health, and that's why many men are supplementing their diet with protein powders, omega-3s or other dietary supplements. However, you have to be careful not to neglect key vitamins and minerals that your body needs, and that's where multivitamin supplements come in:

There are added nutritional needs for men over 50 to consider, especially if you want to stay active. Dietary vitamins and essential mineral deficiencies, such as vitamin B12 (1) and vitamin D (2), are common in older age. For example, your doctor may have already recommended that you take a vitamin D supplement, but there are other vitamins that can help promote healthy aging. The advantage of taking a multivitamin is that it can provide your body with nutritional support—all in one convenient dosage.

But not all supplements are created equal, so we’ve compiled a list of the best multivitamins for men over 50 to help you cut through the noise. Below, we’re sharing our top picks for multivitamins for men over 50, plus some factors to consider when choosing the right supplement for you.

This content is meant to be informative, but should not be taken as medical advice. It is not intended for use as diagnosis, prevention or treatment of health problems. Always speak with your doctor before starting any new supplement or exercise regimen.

Our Picks for the Best Multivitamin for Men:

• Best Overall Multivitamin for Men Over 50: Ritual Essential for Men 50+
• Best Multivitamin for Active Men Over 50: Transparent Labs Multivitamin
• Best Multivitamin for Men Over 50 with Magnesium: Legion Triumph Men's Sport Multivitamin
• Best Organic Multivitamin for Men Over 50: Kaged Multivitamin
• Best Multivitamin for Men Over 60: Nature Made Multi for Him 50+
• Best Multivitamin for Men Over 50 with Vitamin A: Thorne Men's Multi 50+
• Best Subscription Multivitamin for Men Over 50: Transparent Labs Multivitamin
• Best Soluble Multivitamin for Men Over 50: Nature's Way Alive Max Potency Liquid Vitamin
• Best Budget Multivitamin for Men Over 50: Centrum Silver Minis Men 50+

Best Multivitamin for Men Over 50: Ritual Essential for Men 50+

Get 25% off your first month of Ritual! Code: SI25

Key features and specs:

• Type: Capsule
• Key vitamins and minerals: Vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin B12, folate
• Servings per container: 30
• Price: $39
• Certifications: Non-GMO, vegan, gluten and major allergen free
• Allergens: Gluten and major allergen free

Why I picked it:

Ritual is our top choice for best multivitamin for men. This supplement contains all of the vitamins that a man over 50 needs to thrive, such as vitamin D and vitamin B12 (3). Many older adults are deficient in vitamin D, which plays a critical role in maintaining bone health by ensuring proper calcium absorption (4). As we age, our bones become more brittle (5), so it’s important to support bone health through nutrition, as well as maintaining an active lifestyle, which includes exercise. 

Getting older can affect your body’s ability to absorb vitamin B12, so taking it in supplement form can help prevent a deficiency. Getting enough vitamin B12 can also prevent nerve issues (6) and help maintain strong cognitive function. 

Additionally, you can find the efficacy and sourcing of each ingredient directly on Ritual's website. This vitamin is offered through a convenient subscription service, so your multivitamin is delivered directly to your door each month.

Based on customer reviews, buyers are mostly happy with this vitamin, stating they felt good when taking it and had minimal negative side effects. Some people complained about the taste, but this is subjective.

For more information on this brand and its products, check out our Ritual Vitamins review.

What we love:

• Formulated to meet the needs of men
• Free from gluten and other allergens
• Ethical production standards
• Plenty of reputable evidence available on the website to back ingredient choices
• Convenient subscription service

What to consider:

• Higher price point
• Not a comprehensive multivitamin

Best Multivitamin for Active Men Over 50: Transparent Labs Multivitamin

Key features and specs:

• Type: Capsules
• Key vitamins and minerals: Vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin K, thiamin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12
• Servings per container: 30
• Price: $29.99
• Certifications: Gluten-free, non-GMO
• Allergens: May contain nuts and dairy 

Why I picked it:

Transparent Labs make a versatile multivitamin that, according to the Transparent Labs website, provides “provable benefits” based on their professional advisory board, which reviews and critiques any claims made about their products and the intended results.

It features essential vitamins and chelated minerals (chelated minerals are absorbed better in the body). You’ll also get extra ingredients to support active men that are not found in competitor products, such as ashwagandha and CoQ10, which is often taken for its cardiovascular benefits (7). Ashwagandha is a natural plant extract that may help the body adapt to stress (8). It offers a number of benefits, including supporting metabolism and energy levels.

For more information on this multivitamin, check out our Transparent Labs Multivitamin review. 

What we love:

• Transparent manufacturing process
• Professional advisory board reviews ingredients and claims made
• Contains additional ingredients such as minerals, ashwagandha and CoQ10

What to consider:

• Shipping can be slow
• Tends to sell out due to limited supply

Best Multivitamin for Men Over 50 with Magnesium: Legion Triumph Men's Sport Multivitamin

Key features and specs:

• Type: Capsule
• Key vitamins and minerals: Vitamins A, C, D, E, K, B6, B12, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, biotin, pantothenic acid, calcium, iodine, magnesium, zinc, selenium, chromium, potassium
• Servings: 30
• Price: $49.99
• Certifications: Labdoor certified
• Allergens: Major allergen-free

Why I picked it:

Legion Triumph Men’s Sport Multivitamin is designed for active men of all ages. The comprehensive formula provides at least 100 percent DV of 14 key nutrients. It provides 200 milligrams of magnesium, which is important for sleep, digestion and nerve function (19). A lot of people don’t get the recommended amount from diet alone (20), and low levels of magnesium have been associated with issues like neuromuscular disorders (21), cardiovascular issues and even Alzheimer’s disease.

In addition to important vitamins and minerals, Triumph provides 10 herbs, extracts and amino acids. These include 500 milligrams of ashwagandha, which may help reduce stress (39), pumpkin seed extract, which may improve symptoms of urinary frequency and urgency (40), and nigella sativa extract, which has a host of potential therapeutic properties, including as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive (41).

Our only qualm with Triumph men’s multivitamin is that one serving is eight capsules. The brand explains that this is necessary to pack in all of the nutrients provided in one serving, but the volume of daily capsules may deter some.

What we love:

• Comprehensive formula with 21 key vitamins and minerals and 10 herbs, extracts and amino acids
• Formulated specifically for men’s health
• Third-party tested by Labdoor
• 200 milligrams (45 percent DV) of magnesium

What to consider:

• One serving is eight capsules
• Expensive

Best Organic Multivitamin for Men Over 50: Kaged Multivitamin

Key features and specs:

• Type: Capsules
• Key vitamins and minerals: Vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamin
• Servings: 30
• Cost: $34.99
• Certifications: Informed Sport certified, vegan, gluten-free, non-GMO
• Allergens: Major allergen and banned-substance free

Why I picked it:

The Kaged Multivitamin is made with organic whole food sources, ensuring that you get all of the nutrients and none of the harmful additives. Kaged also goes out of its way to ensure its supplements contain proper doses of each ingredient, so you won’t be taking any more than you need. And, this plant-based multivitamin is made to be ultra-absorbable. Some experts think that there are advantages to food-based vitamins when it comes down to how effectively the body can absorb them. However, few small studies support this (9), so more research is needed for a conclusive answer.

This multivitamin contains 21 different vitamins and minerals and prebiotic fiber to help with digestion. Getting adequate nutrients (such as calcium, vitamin D and vitamin B12) can help support your immune system to prevent infection (10), support nerve health (11) and keep bones healthy and strong (12), especially important as you age.

Check out our Kaged Multivitamin review for more information on this plant-based supplement. 

What we love:

• Organic whole food nutrient sources
• No more than 100 percent daily value of each vitamin or mineral in the formula
• Third-party lab tested
• Vegan, keto-friendly, non-GMO, gluten-free

What to consider:

• Higher price point
• Not specifically formulated for men over 50

Best Multivitamin for Men Over 60: Nature Made Multi for Him 50+

Key features and specs:

• Type: Tablet
• Key vitamins and minerals: Vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin K, calcium, potassium, magnesium, B vitamins
• Servings: 90
• Price: $13.59
• Certifications: USP verified, gluten-free
• Allergens: Gluten and major allergen free

Why I picked it:

Nature Made Multi for Him 50+ contains all of the key ingredients needed for aging men, as recommended by the National Institute on Aging (3). This list includes vitamins A, C, D, E, K and many B vitamins. It also includes calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium. The Nature Made formula includes all of these vital nutrients (besides sodium) and more—with many reaching or surpassing the percent DV. 

Vitamin A is especially important for men over 60 because it's essential to support eye health. It may even help prevent age-related visual changes (22). Nature Made's multi has 83 percent DV of vitamin A. Calcium is also important for those ages 60+ to supply the body with the building blocks needed to prevent bone loss (3). Vitamin B12 is also especially important for brain function (36), and older adults may not get enough of it (43).

This multivitamins is sold at a very affordable price, and with the 90-count container (three-month supply) you won’t feel like you’re constantly ordering more.

What we love:

• USP tested for potency
• Affordable
• Contains 22 key nutrients
• Three-month supply in one container
• Serving size is just one tablet

What to consider:

• Large tablet may be difficult to swallow
• Chemical additives

Best Multivitamin for Men Over 50 with Vitamin A: Thorne Men’s Multi 50+

Key features and specs:

• Type: Capsules
• Key vitamins and minerals: Calcium, lutein, biotin, pantothenic acid, zinc, vitamin A, boron, 5-MTHF, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B, choline, vitamin C, chromium, magnesium, selenium, thiamine, iodine, manganese
• Servings: 30
• Price: $48
• Certifications: None
• Allergens: Iodine

Why I picked it:

Vitamin A is always essential, especially as we age. It supports eye health, and may even help prevent age-related visual changes (22). It’s also important for your immune system, heart and lungs, among other functions (4). Thorne Men’s Multi 50+ provides 2,630 micrograms (292 percent DV) of vitamin A via beta carotene (1,875 micrograms) and palmitate (750 micrograms).

Thorne Men’s Multi 50+ also includes over 100 percent DV of 16 other essential vitamins and minerals including vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin and pantothenic acid—all of which are recommended for adults over 50 by the National Institute of Health (44).

What we like:

• 292 percent DV vitamin A
• Contains 43 percent DV magnesium, an essential mineral that is lacking in many multivitamin formulas
• Serving size can be halved while still providing at least 100 DV of most nutrients in the formula

What to consider:

• More expensive than other multivitamins at $1.60 per serving
• One serving is six capsules

Best Subscription Multivitamin for Men Over 50: Transparent Labs Multivitamin

Key features and specs:

• Type: Capsules
• Key vitamins and minerals: Vitamins A, C, D, K, B6, B12, thiamin, biotin, iodine, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, chromium, chloride, potassium
• Servings: 30
• Price: $1.00 per serving (without a subscription); $0.90 per serving (with a subscription)
• Certifications: Informed Choice Certified
• Allergens: None listed

Why I picked it:

Transparent Labs offers a 10% discount on its multivitamin when you subscribe to a 30-, 45- or 60-day recurring delivery. 10% is a standard discount for multivitamin subscriptions, but Transparent Labs also offers ongoing free shipping to subscribers.

Despite having a relatively standard discount, Transparent Labs is one of the best multivitamins we've tested. It contains 19 key nutrients, including 11 with at least 100 percent DV. It also includes 73 percent DV magnesium, which is a key mineral for maintaining organ function (46). The Transparent Labs Multivitamin also has 300 milligrams of ashwagandha extract, which may help reduce stress levels, improve sleep and support focus (47). 

What we like:

• 10% discount for subscribers, plus free shipping on all orders
• No artificial sweeteners, additives or fillers
• Informed Choice Certified for purity and potency of ingredients

What to consider:

• Only two percent DV of potassium, which is a common deficiency (42)

Best Soluble Multivitamin for Men Over 50: Nature's Way Alive! Max Potency Liquid Multivitamin

Key features and specs:

• Type: Liquid
• Key vitamins and minerals: Vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, choline, calcium, iodine, magnesium, zinc, selenium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, sodium, potassium
• Servings: 30
• Price: $29.95
• Certifications: None
• Allergens: None listed

Why I picked it:

Nature’s Way Alive! Max Potency Liquid is a vitamin and nutrient liquid that is designed to fill nutritional gaps with vitamins, minerals and whole food blends. The food blends in Nature’s Way Alive! could be beneficial for older adults, particularly the Daily Greens™ Blend, since nutrients found in dark leafy greens can keep the eyes healthy and maintain bone health (18).

This product is a very straightforward way to support your health and ensure that you’re getting all of the necessary vitamins and nutrients. Simply drink one cap (two tablespoons) per day either by itself or mixed in a juice or smoothie. Many reviewers say they feel an immediate difference from the nutritional support provided by spirulina, chlorella, mushroom extracts and many more powerful plant extracts.

Nature’s Way Alive! Max Potency is a great alternative for people looking for nutritional support without having to take a handful of daily pills, capsules or tablets. The liquid form may also be a beneficial option for those suffering from malabsorption of nutrients due to diseases like Crohn’s or Ulcerative Colitis (45).

What we like:

• Drinkable and easy to take compared to capsules or tablets
• Contains a variety of whole food ingredients alongside the vitamins and minerals
• Vegetarian-friendly formula with no ingredients from yeast or dairy

What to consider:

• The primary complaint among Amazon reviewers is bad taste

Best Budget Multivitamin for Men Over 50: Centrum Minis Silver Men 50+

Key features and specs:

• Type: Pill (minis)
• Key vitamins and minerals: Vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, Biotin, Iodine, Zinc, Manganese
• Servings: 160
• Price: $18.70
• Certifications: Verified non-GMO
• Allergens: None listed

Why I picked it:

Centrum Minis Silver for Men 50+ is an incredibly affordable multivitamin from one of the most established vitamin brands. Each bottle of Centrum Minis Silver has 80 servings, and you can purchase a two-pack (160 servings) for $18.70 on Amazon. That averages out to about $0.12 per serving, which is tough to beat.

The vitamin itself contains high amounts of all 13 essentials recommended by the National Institute of Health for adults over 50 (44). The formula contains 100 percent DV (daily value) of vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, pantothenic acid, biotin and folate. The one exception is vitamin K, which is only included at 50 percent DV.

Unfortunately Centrum Minis Silver does not contain significant amounts of the recommended essential minerals potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium. If you are looking for a supplement with minerals you may need to find another option, but this is a great choice for those on a tight budget who want more vitamins.

What we like:

• Contains all recommended vitamins for adults over 50
• Very affordable
• Mini pill is easy to swallow according to reviewers

What to consider:

• Contains multiple color dyes (such as Blue 2, Red 40 and Yellow 6), which some may prefer to avoid
• Not a good supplement for essential minerals like calcium, potassium, magnesium or sodium

How to Choose the Best Multivitamin as a Man Over 50

It’s easy to get overwhelmed when shopping around for vitamins. Some factors you can take into consideration include affordability, buying options, the type of vitamins you need in your diet and brand transparency.

Affordability and accessibility

The cost of the vitamins you buy is one of the most important factors to consider. If you want to consistently take the vitamin daily, then you’ll need it to be something that will actually fit into your budget. There is a wide range of price options for multivitamins, so you should be able to find an option that fits your budget. Then, you’ll want to consider if you prefer shopping for your vitamins in store every month or choosing an option with a convenient subscription service, which may even save you money.

Types of vitamins

Multivitamins come in many different forms. One of the most popular options is a capsule. Some vitamin capsules are large and can be difficult to swallow, while others are designed to be easy to swallow. If you have a particularly hard time swallowing large pills, make sure to look into the size of the vitamin capsules you’re purchasing, or opt for a chewable version.

Gummy vitamins can be a good option if you don’t like swallowing traditional vitamins since they usually have a pleasant taste and are much easier to take. You can even opt for a drinkable vitamin such as Athletic Greens.

Ingredients

When it comes to finding a high-quality vitamin, you really want to focus on the ingredient label. Some multivitamins have additives like preservatives, artificial flavors and even food dyes. For this reason, you always want to read ingredient labels before choosing a multivitamin. We took the ingredients into account when compiling this list because we know that it's so important to be aware of what you’re putting in your body. More than anything, we encourage you to just be aware of what you’re taking. You don’t have to write a vitamin off just because it contains added ingredients, especially if that’s all that you can fit into your budget.

Brand transparency

Vitamins and supplements are regulated by the FDA, but not approved. For this reason, it's incredibly important to purchase from a brand that is transparent and honest about what they are selling. Look for vitamin brands that have plenty of info about their products directly on their site.

Methodology: How We Chose the Best Multivitamins for Men Over 50

We chose products for our list of the best multivitamins for men over 50 based on a number of factors reflected in our multivitamin scoring methodology. These include:

• Key nutrients: The best comprehensive multivitamins for men over 50 provide most or all of the key vitamins and minerals needed by men as they age.
• Nutrient doses: Since multivitamins are often used to correct or prevent nutrient deficiency, the best multivitamin supplements for men ages 50+ meet the RDA for each of the key vitamins and minerals by men over 50.
• Certifications: Testing certifications from third-party labs prove that a dietary supplement contains what the brand says it contains in the doses advertised (potency). It also tests for harmful toxins (i.e. mold, heavy metals, etc.), and some check for banned substances (purity).
• Price: The cost of a daily multivitamin can add up. Often (though not always) the price of a supplement reflects its quality, which is why we include this category, but give it less weight in the overall score. 

Finally, we receive input from our panel of expert contributors, which includes registered dietitians and highly credentialed experts in sports nutrition and exercise science.

Learn more about our nutrition and supplement review process, as well as our scoring methodology for men's multivitamins.

Related Post: The 11 Best Supplements for Men

What Ingredients Are Important in a Multivitamin for Men Over 50?

Getting the right amount of essential nutrients, including vitamins and minerals in your diet can help to ensure that you continue feeling great into your older age.

Minerals such as magnesium, calcium and potassium are also important for supporting men’s health into older age. All of these different vitamins and minerals serve varying purposes in the body. Different vitamins and minerals may interact with the medications you are on, so you should always consult with your doctor or nutritionist before starting a new supplement or vitamin to ensure that the type and amount of vitamins are safe for you and for any medical conditions you have

There are 13 essential vitamins that are important to have in your diet as you age (3):

Vitamin A

Vitamin A in retinol forms is limited in foods, so supplementing with carotenoid form allows for some regulation in conversion. Vitamin A serves the important purpose of supporting normal vision, boosting immune function and benefitting reproductive health.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D deficiency affects 35 percent of the U.S. population (25), and commonly affects older adults. Vitamin D is beneficial for men because it supports endocrine health, immune health, bone health and sexual health (26).

Vitamin C

Vitamin C helps to improve immune function (27) and protect the body against free radicals. Free radicals are produced when your body breaks down harmful substances like tobacco smoke or UV rays. People taking vitamin C may be less likely to develop cataracts.

Vitamin E

Vitamin E is important for brain health, vision and skin health (28). There have been some mixed results in studies that look at the association between vitamin E and prostate cancer. If you have an increased risk of prostate cancer, you should talk with your doctor or registered dietitian before taking any vitamin E supplements.

Vitamin K

Vitamin K is especially important to take as you age because it helps to prevent calcification—a buildup of calcium in the arteries (29). Important for bone health, Vitamin K may also starve off neurodegeneration in the aging brain.

Thiamine

Thiamine is a type of vitamin B that helps your body convert food to energy. Thiamine is important in men over 50, since it helps to support healthy nervous system function (30).

Riboflavin

Riboflavin is another type of vitamin B. It helps to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress and could even help to prevent migraines and improve energy metabolism, according to an article published by the Harvard School of Public Health (31).

Niacin

Niacin can help to improve cholesterol levels and support cardiovascular health (32).

Pantothenic acid

Pantothenic acid helps the body break down different forms of fuel for energy (such as fats and carbohydrates). It also helps with red blood cell formation and hormone production (33).

Biotin

Biotin is commonly taken by women to support healthy hair, skin and nails. Men can also benefit from taking biotin; it may even help keep hair thick with age, though more research is needed (34).

Vitamin B6

Vitamin B6 is required for healthy brain function and keeps the immune system functioning properly (35). You’re more likely to be deficient in vitamin B6 if you have kidney disease or a disease that prevents your small intestine from properly absorbing nutrients.

Vitamin B12

Older people are more likely to have a vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 is essential for brain function, although keeping your B12 levels high has not been proven to prevent cognitive decline with age (36).

Folate

Your body cannot make folate on its own, so it must be ingested through diet and/or supplementation. Folate may lower your risk of heart disease because of the effect it has on the amino acid homocysteine (37).

Best Multivitamins for Men Over 50 FAQs

Do I need a multivitamin specifically for my age as a man over 50?

Plenty of multivitamins are marketed to the general public and will still provide a man over the age of 50 with the proper nutrients they need. However, those specifically made for men over 50 may contain higher amounts of certain key nutrients important for older men, such as vitamin D, zinc and vitamin B12.

Do men over 50 need a multivitamin?

Most men over 50 will benefit from taking a multivitamin. In case you’re not getting all of the necessary nutrients from your diet, taking a multivitamin can help ensure that you do. Talk with your healthcare provider about whether or not you’re in need of a multivitamin and what type of vitamin may be the best choice for you.

Do doctors recommend a multivitamin for men over 50?

Your doctor may recommend taking a multivitamin if you have certain deficiencies. Multivitamins can generally help to improve the health and quality of life in people who aren’t getting enough nutrients from their diet alone.

What is the difference between a regular and a 50+ multivitamin?

The primary difference between a regular multivitamin and a 50+ multivitamin is the formulation and nutrient content, which is tailored to the specific nutritional needs of individuals aged 50 and older. These may include vitamins like B12, D, and K, as well as minerals like calcium and magnesium. Older adults often require more of these nutrients due to age-related changes in absorption and metabolism.

What are the side effects of men’s 50+ multivitamins?

Men's 50+ multivitamins are generally considered safe when taken as directed, and side effects are typically rare. However, it's important to keep in mind that individual responses to supplements can vary, and there can be potential side effects or interactions, including an upset stomach, allergic reactions, or interactions with other medications. To minimize the risk of side effects, inform your healthcare provider about any supplements you're taking, especially if you're on medications or have underlying health conditions.

Final Thoughts

Taking a daily multivitamin can help improve your quality of life and may even offer significant health benefits, especially if you’re not getting all essential vitamins and nutrients from your diet alone. There are plenty of high-quality vitamins on the market for men over 50.

When shopping for vitamins, you should always look for certifications and buy from a reputable brand. Talk with your doctor before taking any vitamins or supplements, especially if you’re currently taking medications or have any medical conditions.

Expert Contributors

Chris Mohr, RD, Ph.D.

Chris Mohr is a registered dietitian who holds a Ph.D. in exercise physiology. He has worked with athletes ranging from NFL players to WWE wrestlers, along with celebrities and executives worldwide. He has been a featured speaker at many conferences around the world.

Raj Dasgupta, MD, FACP, FCCP, FAASM

Dr. Raj is a quadruple board-certified physician by the American Board of Internal Medicine, specializing in internal medicine, pulmonology, critical care and sleep medicine. He is also an active clinical researcher with more than 20 years of experience teaching around the world. 

Jenevieve Roper, Ph.D, CSCS.

Dr. Jen Roper is an Associate Professor of Health and Human Sciences at Loyola Marymount University. She received her PhD in Physical Education, Sports and Exercise Science in 2015 from the University of New Mexico, with a specialization in Exercise Science and Biomechanics. She currently teaches a wide variety of courses, including Nutrition, Kinesiology and Scientific Principles of Strength & Conditioning.

Eddie Jo, Ph.D.

Dr. Eddie Jo is a professor of exercise physiology and the director of the Cal Poly Pomona Human Performance Research Lab. His research serves to innovate and advance the application of exercise training methodologies, nutrient intake and technologies for the optimization of human health and performance, energy metabolism, body composition and endocrine function.

Tim Ziegenfuss, PhD, CSCS, FISSN

Tim Ziegenfuss, PhD, CSCS, FISSN, is a standout in the world of sports nutrition and exercise science, bolstered by graduate degrees from Purdue University and Kent State University. Beyond academia, he's an influential driver of change on a global scale, serving as a Past President and Fellow of The International Society of Sports Nutrition, steering the field toward higher standards. As CEO of The Center for Applied Health Sciences, his focus is overseeing innovative research with real-world impact and guiding product ideation and creation for major retailers all around the world.

Michael D. Roberts, Ph.D.

Michael D. Roberts, Ph.D., is a professor in the School of Kinesiology at Auburn University where he serves as the director of Applied and Molecular Physiology Labs. He reviewed and contributed to the scientific research, citations and insights within this article. He currently has over 190 publications in several preeminent physiology and nutrition journals, serves in senior editor roles for various physiology journals and has given numerous lectures at regional, national and international scientific conferences and venues.

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